基于介形类生态特征评价湖南某铀矿山地表水放射性环境

湖南某铀矿为我国一重要铀资源生产基地，长年的矿冶活动使该铀矿冶地域生态环境不可避免地遭到了一定程度破坏。本文以该铀矿冶地域介形类为研究对象，分析其分布与生态特征，并利用该生物评价本矿冶地域地表水放射性污染状况。结果表明，Cypridopsis vidua在溪流与河流中均有分布，Helerocypris incongruens仅发现于河流，两者丰度均不高。利用该两种介形类丰度及总丰度变化可指示水体铀浓度的变化，丰度越小，铀含量越大，反之亦然。Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数与水体铀浓度呈明显负相关，表明也可利用介形类生物指数指示水体铀浓度。该生物指数明显偏低，说明该铀矿冶地域地表水环境质量需要改善，放射性污染应引起足够重视。     

矿山地质环境恢复治理技术方法研究

自工业革命以来人类社会的发展和经济的建设就离不开对矿产资源的使用。我国自改革开放以来,经济得到了前所未有的飞速发展,人民的生活水平日益提高,但经济高速发展的背后,存在着对矿产资源过度开采和使用的问题。矿产资源的不合理开采和使用对原有的自然环境造成了严重的破坏,为了改善此现状,对矿山地质环境的恢复治理技术的研究就至关重要。本文就矿山地质恢复治理的意义进行阐述,进一步对其方法进行探究,最终提出有关的措施和方法。     

Energy-optimal base station density in cellular access networks with sleep modes

Sleep modes are widely accepted as an effective technique for energy-efficient networking: by adequately putting to sleep and waking up network resources according to traffic demands, a proportionality between energy consumption and network utilization can be approached, with important reductions in energy consumption. Previous studies have investigated and evaluated sleep modes for wireless access networks, computing variable percentages of energy savings. In this paper we characterize the maximum energy saving that can be achieved in a cellular wireless access network under a given performance constraint. In particular, our approach allows the derivation of realistic estimates of the energy-optimal density of base stations corresponding to a given user density, under a fixed performance constraint. Our results allow different sleep mode proposals to be measured against the maximum theoretically achievable improvement. We show, through numerical evaluation, the possible energy savings in today’s networks, and we further demonstrate that even with the development of highly energy-efficient hardware, a holistic approach incorporating system level techniques is essential to achieving maximum energy efficiency.     

Genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope sequencing and equipment dispatching in underground short-term mine planning under time uncertainty

ABSTRACT

The main issue in short-term planning optimisation for underground mining is organising the mining process with limited resources in the form of equipment and materials to satisfy production targets and stable feed grade requirements. In this paper, an integrated optimisation model is proposed based on an individual generation algorithm and an improved Genetic Algorithm to simultaneously optimise stope extraction sequencing and timing, extracted ore grade and equipment dispatching. The model objectives are to shorten the time gap between the stope mining processes and the overall working time. When the uncertainty of equipment working time is taken into account in a short-term scheduling model, the Monte Carlo simulation is applied to evaluate the risk of not meeting the production target. A modification strategy is defined to evaluate equipment failure. Consequently, any available equipment is automatically reassigned to the mining site to replace the broken-down equipment. A case study is used to validate the model in the Sanshandao gold mine of China to formulate an optimal monthly schedule. Compared with the conventional approach, the new model could reduce the variance of ore tonnage and feed grade and improve the equipment allocation efficiency. Discussions are presented to address the uncertainty.     

综放高瓦斯矿井煤层瓦斯涌出量综合预测

为了成功预测竹林山煤矿综放高瓦斯矿井大采高工作面煤层瓦斯涌出量,以主采3号煤层为主要研究对象,针对3号煤层以往开采情况,通过布设测点测量其煤层瓦斯含量和了解相邻矿井瓦斯含量,采用分源预测法、回归法及统计法等预测方法得到了3号煤层瓦斯含量的分布规律,并绘制了3号煤层的瓦斯含量等值线图。对矿井不同生产时期的瓦斯含量进行预测,得到了生产前期、中期及后期采区的最大绝对瓦斯涌出量和最大相对瓦斯涌出量,说明了竹林山煤矿各个时期均属于高瓦斯矿井。     

Numerical simulation of ammonia/methane/air combustion using reduced chemical kinetics models

Ammonia appears to be a potential alternative fuel that can be used as a hydrogen vector and fuel for gas turbines and internal combustion engines. Chemical mechanisms of ammonia combustion are important for the development of ammonia combustion systems, but also as a mean of investigation of harmful NOx emissions, so they can be minimized. Despite of large body of experimental and modelling work on the topic of ammonia combustion, there is still need for additional investigation of combustion kinetics.The object of this work is further numerical study of ammonia combustion chemistry under conditions resembling industrial ones. After literature review, three mechanisms of ammonia combustion that also include carbon chemistry are used for simulation of experimental premixed swirl burner with the aim of evaluating their performance. San Diego mechanism, that was also the most detailed one, proved to be the best in terms of emissions, but neither one of the models was able to accurately reproduce CO emission after equivalence ratio went beyond 0.81. It was also observed that oxygen is excessively consumed. This study contributes to the current knowledge by providing new insights in ammonia burning conditions closely resembling those in industrial applications, and consequently is expected that insights obtained will help in the design of real industrial burning systems.     

企业开展矿山修复业务的几点思考

目前,中国矿山生态修复中存在诸多历史遗留问题。国家着手推动矿山治理和生态修复,已经取得了一些成效,但仍存在资金需求缺口大,修复后矿山土地使用确权、土地流转、开发利用等方面的问题。从国家政策支持、治理资金出资模式等方面对矿山修复进行了思考。     

浅谈预拌混凝土生产企业绿色环保建设措施

本文根据当前环保政策以及混凝土市场环境分析混凝土企业生存现状,指出混凝土企业实施绿色生产的必要性,并阐述了绿色生产的具体环保措施,提出在新常态下混凝土企业发展未来。     

绿色环保建筑材料发展及应用

随着经济的进步和社会的不断发展,人民的生活水平也在不断的提升,绿色环保的意识和对环保的要求也在不断内的提升。于是,随着技术的不断进步,绿色环保建筑材料也应运而生并得以广泛的应用。绿色环保建筑材料相比较传统的建筑材料优势非常的大,比如可以提高资源的利用效率、保护生态环境、减少污染、为人们打造一个安全舒适的生活环境。所以绿色环保材料具有非常广阔的发展空间。基于此,本文对绿色环保材料的内涵、发展状况以及应用状况进行了分析。     

智能卡车调度系统在紫金山露天矿的应用

紫金山露天矿采用多种开拓运输方式,设备大型化、机械化程度较高,但采矿生产过程存在机械设备作业范围大、作业面广、作业点多的特征,安全管理、生产管理形势严峻。本文立足紫金山生产模式,针对该矿智能卡车调度系统的建设,提出进一步完善卡调系统运行管理、提高露采数字化管控水平的措施,旨在充分发挥卡调系统对生产的智能辅助,提升露天采矿安全管理、生产管理、资源管理及成本管理水平,打造新时期智慧矿山建设新标杆。